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Quick Start with EasyProtein

1. Tutorial metadata

  • Tutorial name: Quick Start with EasyProtein
  • Tutorial type: Minimal end-to-end workflow
  • Target audience: First-time users of EasyProtein
  • Primary goal: Show how to complete a basic proteomics analysis workflow with minimal input and minimal parameter tuning
  • Expected outcome: You will learn how to:
    1. load example data
    2. create a standard EasyProtein analysis object
    3. inspect data quality
    4. visualize sample structure
    5. perform a simple two-group comparison (Liver, 1w vs 8w, male only)
    6. interpret core outputs

2. Load example data and build SummarizedExperiment

This tutorial uses the file inst/extdata/mouse_multi-organ_DIA_report.pg_matrix.tsv.gz.

exp_file <- system.file(
  "extdata",
  "mouse_multi-organ_DIA_report.pg_matrix.tsv.gz",
  package = "EasyProtein"
)

stopifnot(file.exists(exp_file))

se_obj <- rawdata2se(exp_file)
#> [rawdata2se] Reading input took 1.78 seconds
#> [rawdata2se] Detecting raw columns took 0.00 seconds
#> [rawdata2se] Preprocessing took 1.71 seconds
#> [rawdata2se] Missing-value filtering took 94.31 seconds
#> [rawdata2se] Imputation took 8.05 seconds
#> [rawdata2se] Building SummarizedExperiment took 2.09 seconds
#> [rawdata2se] Stability filtering took 1.14 seconds
#> [rawdata2se] Done took 0.00 seconds
se <- se_obj$se
se
#> class: SummarizedExperiment 
#> dim: 11497 299 
#> metadata(0):
#> assays(4): raw_intensity intensity conc zscale
#> rownames(11497): 0610012G03Rik 1700010I14Rik ... mt-Nd3 rp9
#> rowData names(1): gene
#> colnames(299): brain_1w_F_5 brain_1w_F_7 ... Muscle8w_M_4 Muscle8w_M_5
#> colData names(4): sample condition rep group

3. Add sample metadata

rawdata2se() already creates basic condition and rep. Here we derive tissue, age, and sex from condition as requested.

se$tissue <- str_extract(se$condition,'[A-Za-z]+')
se$age <- str_extract(se$condition,'\\dw')
se$sex <- str_extract(se$condition,'\\w$')

as.data.frame(SummarizedExperiment::colData(se)) %>%
  dplyr::select(sample, condition, rep, tissue, age, sex) %>%
  head()
#>                      sample  condition rep tissue age sex
#> brain_1w_F_5   brain_1w_F_5 brain_1w_F   5  brain  1w   F
#> brain_1w_F_7   brain_1w_F_7 brain_1w_F   7  brain  1w   F
#> brain_1w_F_8   brain_1w_F_8 brain_1w_F   8  brain  1w   F
#> brain_1w_F_10 brain_1w_F_10 brain_1w_F  10  brain  1w   F
#> brain_1w_M_1   brain_1w_M_1 brain_1w_M   1  brain  1w   M
#> brain_1w_M_3   brain_1w_M_3 brain_1w_M   3  brain  1w   M

4. Quick QC

We inspect three basic QC aspects:

  1. sample intensity distribution
  2. missing values per sample
  3. detected protein number per sample
keep <- se$tissue == "live" &
  se$sex == "M" &
  se$age %in% c("1w", "8w")

se_sub <- se[, keep]


p_density <- plotSE_density(se_sub)
p_missing <- plotSE_missing_value(se_sub)
p_detected <- plotSE_protein_number(se_sub)

p_density

p_missing

p_detected

5. Visualize sample structure with PCA

Use concentration matrix (assay = "conc") and color by tissue.

conc_mtx <- SummarizedExperiment::assay(se_sub, "conc")

pca.res <- FactoMineR::PCA(t(conc_mtx), graph = FALSE)
pca.df <- as.data.frame(pca.res$ind$coord)
pca.df$sample <- rownames(pca.df)

meta_df <- as.data.frame(SummarizedExperiment::colData(se_sub)) 

pca.df <- dplyr::left_join(pca.df, meta_df, by = "sample")

plot_pca(
  pca.df = pca.df,
  pca.res = pca.res,
  colorby = "age",
  label = "sample"
)

6. Two-group comparison: Liver, 1w vs 8w, male only

We subset samples to:

  • tissue == "Liver"
  • sex == "m"
  • age %in% c("1w", "8w")

Then run unpaired limma-based DEG analysis via se2DEGs().

deg_res <- se2DEGs(
  se = se_sub,
  compare_col = "age",
  ref = "1w",
  cmp = "8w",
  logFC_cutoff = 1,
  adj_p_cutoff = 0.05
)

head(deg_res)
#>            gene live1w_M_1   live1w_M_3   live1w_M_4 live1w_M_7 live1w_M_12
#> 1 0610012G03Rik  3.4170122    2.7307321    3.5057499  4.4052290    3.345071
#> 2 1700010I14Rik  0.9392232    0.9654005    0.9636142  0.9366667    0.919449
#> 3 1810009J06Rik  0.4087430 3551.7545240 1793.9272352 38.1159646 3649.433156
#> 4 1810024B03Rik  0.9392232    0.9654005    0.9636142  0.9366667    0.919449
#> 5 1810065E05Rik 41.1277752   42.2740584   42.1958388 41.0158293   40.261882
#> 6 2010106E10Rik  0.9392232    0.9654005    0.9636142  0.9366667    0.919449
#>     live8w_M_1   live8w_M_2  live8w_M_3   live8w_M_4   live8w_M_5 mean_log2_1w
#> 1    1.8695419    1.9201328    1.929792    1.9712530    1.9541805   1.80002963
#> 2    0.9446468    0.9702095    0.975090    0.9960396    0.9874132  -0.02024861
#> 3 3016.5522357 3098.1819292 3113.766947 3180.6656198 3153.1188707   7.70778304
#> 4    0.9446468    0.9702095    0.975090    0.9960396    0.9874132  -0.02024861
#> 5    0.9446468    0.9702095    0.975090    0.9960396    0.9874132   5.37188591
#> 6    0.9446468    0.9702095    0.975090    0.9960396    0.9874132  -0.02024861
#>   mean_log2_8w       logFC      P.Value    adj.P.Val    median_1w   median_8w
#> 1   0.97820863 -0.82182099 4.856343e-05 2.118110e-04    3.4170122    1.929792
#> 2   0.02272051  0.04296912 3.520132e-02 4.948155e-02    0.9392232    0.975090
#> 3  11.60362179  3.89583875 1.374975e-01 1.724268e-01 1793.9272352 3113.766947
#> 4   0.02272051  0.04296912 3.520132e-02 4.948155e-02    0.9392232    0.975090
#> 5   0.02272051 -5.34916541 5.591284e-15 5.541638e-13   41.1277752    0.975090
#> 6   0.02272051  0.04296912 3.520132e-02 4.948155e-02    0.9392232    0.975090
#>   DEGs_types
#> 1         NS
#> 2         NS
#> 3         NS
#> 4         NS
#> 5       DOWN
#> 6         NS
table(deg_res$DEGs_types)
#> 
#> DOWN   NS   UP 
#> 1725 8983  789

7. Interpret core outputs

The DEG result table contains:

  • effect size: logFC (positive means higher in 8w vs 1w)
  • statistical significance: P.Value, adj.P.Val
  • classification: DEGs_types (UP, DOWN, NS)
  • group summaries: median_1w, median_8w

Minimal interpretation workflow:

  1. prioritize proteins with adj.P.Val <= 0.05
  2. use |logFC| >= 1 to focus on stronger changes
  3. read median_1w and median_8w together with logFC
top_hits <- deg_res %>%
  dplyr::arrange(adj.P.Val, dplyr::desc(abs(logFC))) %>%
  dplyr::select(gene, logFC, adj.P.Val, DEGs_types, starts_with("median_"))

head(top_hits, 20)
#>        gene     logFC    adj.P.Val DEGs_types   median_1w  median_8w
#> 1    Csn1s1 10.182433 8.013961e-16         UP   0.9392232 1146.46359
#> 2     Cdca3 10.040292 8.013961e-16         UP   0.9392232 1038.89116
#> 3  Naaladl1  9.982767 8.013961e-16         UP   0.9392232  998.27682
#> 4     Stx1b  9.618075 9.323407e-16         UP   0.9392232  775.29011
#> 5    Mybpc1 -9.576063 9.323407e-16       DOWN 770.8484387    0.97509
#> 6       Cck  9.184286 1.558556e-15         UP   0.9392232  573.94779
#> 7    Defa21 -8.684485 3.045286e-15       DOWN 415.4870265    0.97509
#> 8      Eml6  8.494027 5.434018e-15         UP   0.9392232  353.90296
#> 9    Metrnl -8.253243 5.434018e-15       DOWN 308.1239990    0.97509
#> 10    Sytl1  8.107017 5.973509e-15         UP   0.9392232  271.98647
#> 11    Myom1  8.104425 5.973509e-15         UP   0.9392232  271.49834
#> 12     Nefh -8.101866 5.973509e-15       DOWN 277.4279338    0.97509
#> 13   Atp1b4  7.939756 7.849712e-15         UP   0.9392232  242.20809
#> 14   Eef1a2 -7.715343 1.091110e-14       DOWN 212.2146391    0.97509
#> 15     Nefl  7.687151 1.189352e-14         UP   0.9392232  203.29790
#> 16    Krt85  7.607042 1.190601e-14         UP   0.9392232  192.31482
#> 17   Pmfbp1  7.587927 1.190601e-14         UP   0.9392232  189.78299
#> 18    Krt17  7.560404 1.190601e-14         UP   0.9392232  186.19589
#> 19   Trim54  7.531913 1.190601e-14         UP   0.9392232  182.55411
#> 20     Has1 -7.481887 1.190601e-14       DOWN 180.5026100    0.97509

8. GO and KEGG enrichment (table output only)

Here we use significant DE proteins (adj.P.Val <= 0.05) for over-representation analysis. We only return result tables (no plotting).

deg_sig_genes <- deg_res %>%
  dplyr::filter(adj.P.Val <= 0.05, DEGs_types %in% c("UP", "DOWN")) %>%
  dplyr::pull(gene) %>%
  unique()

length(deg_sig_genes)
#> [1] 2514

if (!requireNamespace("clusterProfiler", quietly = TRUE) ||
           !requireNamespace("org.Mm.eg.db", quietly = TRUE)) {
  message("Please install 'clusterProfiler' and 'org.Mm.eg.db' to run enrichment.")

} else {
  go_res <- enrichment_analysis(
    gene = deg_sig_genes,
    db = "GO",
    species = "mouse",
    keyType = "SYMBOL",
    qvalue_cutoff = 0.05
  )

  kegg_res <- enrichment_analysis(
    gene = deg_sig_genes,
    db = "KEGG",
    species = "mouse",
    keyType = "SYMBOL",
    qvalue_cutoff = 0.05,
    use_internal_data = TRUE #Select false will using online data
  )
}
#> 
#> 
#> 
#> KEGG.db contains mappings based on older data because the original
#>   resource was removed from the the public domain before the most
#>   recent update was produced. This package should now be considered
#>   deprecated and future versions of Bioconductor may not have it
#>   available.  Users who want more current data are encouraged to look
#>   at the KEGGREST or reactome.db packages
#> 'select()' returned 1:1 mapping between keys and columns
#> Warning in clusterProfiler::bitr(gene, fromType = keyType, toType = "ENTREZID",
#> : 2.9% of input gene IDs are fail to map...

# tables only
head(go_res, 20)
#>            ONTOLOGY         ID                                    Description
#> GO:0009410       BP GO:0009410                response to xenobiotic stimulus
#> GO:0044282       BP GO:0044282               small molecule catabolic process
#> GO:0046394       BP GO:0046394           carboxylic acid biosynthetic process
#> GO:0016053       BP GO:0016053              organic acid biosynthetic process
#> GO:0006631       BP GO:0006631                   fatty acid metabolic process
#> GO:1901605       BP GO:1901605             alpha-amino acid metabolic process
#> GO:0006575       BP GO:0006575 cellular modified amino acid metabolic process
#> GO:0006790       BP GO:0006790              sulfur compound metabolic process
#> GO:0006520       BP GO:0006520                   amino acid metabolic process
#> GO:0170033       BP GO:0170033                 L-amino acid metabolic process
#> GO:0007015       BP GO:0007015                    actin filament organization
#> GO:0016054       BP GO:0016054                 organic acid catabolic process
#> GO:0046395       BP GO:0046395              carboxylic acid catabolic process
#> GO:0031589       BP GO:0031589                        cell-substrate adhesion
#> GO:0170041       BP GO:0170041 non-proteinogenic amino acid metabolic process
#> GO:0071466       BP GO:0071466       cellular response to xenobiotic stimulus
#> GO:0120254       BP GO:0120254            olefinic compound metabolic process
#> GO:0072330       BP GO:0072330       monocarboxylic acid biosynthetic process
#> GO:0006805       BP GO:0006805                   xenobiotic metabolic process
#> GO:0006690       BP GO:0006690                    icosanoid metabolic process
#>            GeneRatio   BgRatio RichFactor FoldEnrichment   zScore       pvalue
#> GO:0009410   97/2363 350/28905  0.2771429       3.390103 13.42313 1.496196e-27
#> GO:0044282   97/2363 353/28905  0.2747875       3.361292 13.31873 3.081397e-27
#> GO:0046394   90/2363 325/28905  0.2769231       3.387415 12.91465 1.257081e-25
#> GO:0016053   90/2363 328/28905  0.2743902       3.356433 12.80642 2.584532e-25
#> GO:0006631  109/2363 465/28905  0.2344086       2.867364 12.11252 3.300667e-24
#> GO:1901605   66/2363 209/28905  0.3157895       3.862842 12.39378 1.445603e-22
#> GO:0006575   64/2363 199/28905  0.3216080       3.934016 12.39215 2.100890e-22
#> GO:0006790   84/2363 321/28905  0.2616822       3.200984 11.83183 3.125835e-22
#> GO:0006520   74/2363 282/28905  0.2624113       3.209903 11.12715 8.004668e-20
#> GO:0170033   52/2363 156/28905  0.3333333       4.077444 11.49966 3.028989e-19
#> GO:0007015  101/2363 477/28905  0.2117400       2.590074 10.44835 4.083097e-19
#> GO:0016054   64/2363 241/28905  0.2655602       3.248420 10.45831 1.289033e-17
#> GO:0046395   64/2363 241/28905  0.2655602       3.248420 10.45831 1.289033e-17
#> GO:0031589   83/2363 369/28905  0.2249322       2.751446 10.10316 1.385852e-17
#> GO:0170041   34/2363  78/28905  0.4358974       5.332042 11.43100 3.394664e-17
#> GO:0071466   55/2363 191/28905  0.2879581       3.522399 10.43585 5.012711e-17
#> GO:0120254   51/2363 172/28905  0.2965116       3.627029 10.31057 1.779394e-16
#> GO:0072330   60/2363 228/28905  0.2631579       3.219035 10.03711 2.102301e-16
#> GO:0006805   43/2363 129/28905  0.3333333       4.077444 10.45235 3.642931e-16
#> GO:0006690   46/2363 149/28905  0.3087248       3.776425 10.13815 9.644999e-16
#>                p.adjust       qvalue
#> GO:0009410 9.069941e-24 5.731219e-24
#> GO:0044282 9.339716e-24 5.901687e-24
#> GO:0046394 2.540141e-22 1.605094e-22
#> GO:0016053 3.916858e-22 2.475029e-22
#> GO:0006631 4.001728e-21 2.528658e-21
#> GO:1901605 1.460541e-19 9.229034e-20
#> GO:0006575 1.819371e-19 1.149645e-19
#> GO:0006790 2.368602e-19 1.496699e-19
#> GO:0006520 5.391589e-17 3.406899e-17
#> GO:0170033 1.836173e-16 1.160262e-16
#> GO:0007015 2.250158e-16 1.421855e-16
#> GO:0016054 6.000738e-15 3.791816e-15
#> GO:0046395 6.000738e-15 3.791816e-15
#> GO:0031589 6.000738e-15 3.791816e-15
#> GO:0170041 1.371897e-14 8.668899e-15
#> GO:0071466 1.899191e-14 1.200083e-14
#> GO:0120254 6.345110e-14 4.009421e-14
#> GO:0072330 7.080084e-14 4.473845e-14
#> GO:0006805 1.162287e-13 7.344391e-14
#> GO:0006690 2.913267e-13 1.840869e-13
#>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   geneID
#> GO:0009410                                                                        Aacs/Abat/Abcc1/Adam17/Add3/Ahr/Aim2/Akr1c12/Akr1c6/Aldh1a1/Aldh3a1/Aox1/Cers1/Comt/Crot/Cybb/Cyp1a2/Cyp1b1/Cyp2a22/Cyp2a4/Cyp2a5/Cyp2b23/Cyp2b9/Cyp2c29/Cyp2c40/Cyp2c50/Cyp2c54/Cyp2c55/Cyp2c67/Cyp2c69/Cyp2c70/Cyp2d9/Cyp2f2/Cyp2g1/Cyp2j11/Cyp2s1/Cyp3a11/Cyp3a41b/Cyp3a44/Cyp46a1/Dnmt1/Dpep1/Fmo5/Fzd1/Gata4/Ggh/Gpx1/Gsta2/Gsta3/Gstm1/Gstm2/Gstm3/Gstm4/Gstp1/Gstp3/Hdac4/Igf2/Kcnq2/Lck/Lcn2/Lct/Mcm7/Mgst1/Mmp2/Ncam1/Nckap1l/Nos1/Nqo1/Pam/Pcna/Pde3a/Pemt/Pnp2/Prkaa2/Prkcb/Ptprm/Rap2a/Recql5/Ren1/Slc1a2/Slc1a3/Slc22a12/Smtnl1/Snca/Sod2/Sult1b1/Sult2a1/Sult2a5/Sult2a8/Tcf3/Tfrc/Tigar/Ugt2b1/Ugt2b37/Umod/Vav3/Vkorc1
#> GO:0044282                                                                                                                                           Abat/Abcd2/Abhd2/Acacb/Acadl/Acadsb/Acat1/Acat3/Acmsd/Acox3/Adh1/Adh4/Adtrp/Agxt/Ahcy/Akr1c18/Akr1c6/Aldh1a1/Aldh1a7/Aldh1l1/Aldh1l2/Aldh6a1/Arg1/Arg2/Arsb/Bcat1/Bcat2/Bdh2/Cda/Ces1f/Cpt1a/Crat/Crot/Cryl1/Cyp27a1/Cyp39a1/Cyp46a1/Cyp4f14/Dao/Dhdh/Dpep1/Echdc1/Gale/Galk1/Gcdh/Gck/Gda/Glo1/Gls2/Hal/Hao1/Hao2/Hexa/Hexb/Hgd/Hk1/Hpd/Ido2/Khk/Kmo/Ldha/Ldhd/Mgat1/Miox/Nos1/Npl/Nqo2/Nudt7/Oat/Otc/Oxct1/Pah/Pck2/Pdxp/Pfkl/Pgam2/Pkm/Pnp2/Ppat/Prodh/Prodh2/Qdpr/Renbp/Sardh/Sds/Slc16a3/Slc25a44/Sult1b1/Sult2a1/Sult2a5/Sult2a8/Tat/Tdo2/Tigar/Upb1/Upp2/Xdh
#> GO:0046394                                                                                                                                                              Abat/Abcd2/Abhd2/Acacb/Acadl/Acly/Acmsd/Acsbg1/Acsm2/Acsm5/Acss1/Acss2/Agt/Agxt/Akr1c18/Akr1c6/Aldh18a1/Aldh1a1/Aldh1a3/Alox12/Alox12b/Alox12e/Alox5ap/Anxa1/Apoa4/Apoc3/Asl/Asns/Ass1/Baat/Bcat1/Bcat2/Bhmt2/Ces1f/Chst14/Cth/Cyp27a1/Cyp39a1/Cyp4a12a/Cyp7b1/Degs1/Elovl2/Fabp5/Fads1/Fads2/Fasn/Gamt/Gatm/Ggt1/Gls2/Glul/Gstm4/Gstp1/Gstp3/Haao/Hacd2/Hao1/Kmo/Ldha/Ldhb/Lpgat1/Lpl/Ltc4s/Mthfd1l/Mthfr/Myo5a/Nags/Otc/Pah/Pdk4/Phgdh/Pkm/Plod2/Prkaa1/Prkaa2/Prmt3/Prox1/Prxl2b/Psat1/Psph/Pycr2/Qki/Rbp1/Rdh9/Scd1/Sds/Slc1a3/Srr/Ugdh/Upb1
#> GO:0016053                                                                                                                                                              Abat/Abcd2/Abhd2/Acacb/Acadl/Acly/Acmsd/Acsbg1/Acsm2/Acsm5/Acss1/Acss2/Agt/Agxt/Akr1c18/Akr1c6/Aldh18a1/Aldh1a1/Aldh1a3/Alox12/Alox12b/Alox12e/Alox5ap/Anxa1/Apoa4/Apoc3/Asl/Asns/Ass1/Baat/Bcat1/Bcat2/Bhmt2/Ces1f/Chst14/Cth/Cyp27a1/Cyp39a1/Cyp4a12a/Cyp7b1/Degs1/Elovl2/Fabp5/Fads1/Fads2/Fasn/Gamt/Gatm/Ggt1/Gls2/Glul/Gstm4/Gstp1/Gstp3/Haao/Hacd2/Hao1/Kmo/Ldha/Ldhb/Lpgat1/Lpl/Ltc4s/Mthfd1l/Mthfr/Myo5a/Nags/Otc/Pah/Pdk4/Phgdh/Pkm/Plod2/Prkaa1/Prkaa2/Prmt3/Prox1/Prxl2b/Psat1/Psph/Pycr2/Qki/Rbp1/Rdh9/Scd1/Sds/Slc1a3/Srr/Ugdh/Upb1
#> GO:0006631 Aacs/Abcd2/Abhd2/Acacb/Acadl/Acadsb/Acat1/Acat3/Acbd5/Acly/Acnat1/Acnat2/Acot3/Acox3/Acsbg1/Acsf2/Acsm2/Acsm5/Acss1/Acss2/Adh4/Adtrp/Agt/Ahr/Akr1c18/Akr1c6/Aldh1l2/Alox12/Alox12b/Alox12e/Alox5ap/Anxa1/Apoa4/Apoc3/Atp6v1b1/Baat/Bdh2/C3/Ces1f/Ces2b/Ces2c/Ces2g/Comt/Cpt1a/Cpt1b/Crat/Crot/Cryl1/Cyp1a2/Cyp1b1/Cyp2a22/Cyp2a4/Cyp2a5/Cyp2b23/Cyp2b9/Cyp2c29/Cyp2c40/Cyp2c50/Cyp2c54/Cyp2c55/Cyp2c67/Cyp2c69/Cyp2c70/Cyp2d9/Cyp2f2/Cyp2g1/Cyp2j11/Cyp2s1/Cyp4a12a/Cyp4f14/Degs1/Echdc1/Elovl2/Fabp3/Fabp4/Fabp5/Fads1/Fads2/Fasn/Gcdh/Gk/Gpx1/Gstm4/Gstp1/Gstp3/Hacd2/Hao1/Hao2/Hpgd/Lpgat1/Lpl/Ltc4s/Mblac2/Myo5a/Nudt7/Pam/Pck2/Pdk3/Pdk4/Ppargc1a/Prkaa1/Prkaa2/Prxl2b/Ptgr1/Qki/Scd1/Slc27a3/Snca/Them5
#> GO:1901605                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Acadsb/Acat1/Acmsd/Agxt/Ahcy/Aldh18a1/Aldh6a1/Arg1/Arg2/Asl/Asns/Aspg/Ass1/Baat/Bcat1/Bcat2/Bhmt2/Comt/Cps1/Cth/Ctps1/Ctps2/Dao/Dglucy/Dpep1/Ero1a/Gamt/Gfpt1/Ggt1/Gls2/Glul/Glyat/Gnmt/Gpt2/Haao/Hgd/Hpd/Icmt/Ido2/Kmo/Kyat1/Kyat3/Mthfr/Nags/Nos1/Oat/Otc/P4ha1/Pah/Pemt/Phgdh/Plod2/Ppat/Prdx4/Prodh/Prodh2/Psat1/Psph/Pycr2/Qdpr/Sardh/Sds/Slc7a7/Srr/Tat/Tdo2
#> GO:0006575                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Acadl/Ahcy/Aldh1l1/Aldh1l2/Asl/Ass1/Bhmt2/Ckb/Ckm/Ckmt1/Cpt1a/Cpt1b/Crat/Crot/Cth/Ctsk/Dpep1/Ero1a/Ethe1/Folh1/Gamt/Gatm/Gch1/Ggh/Ggt1/Glo1/Gnmt/Gpx1/Gsta2/Gsta3/Gstk1/Gstm1/Gstm2/Gstm3/Gstm4/Gstm6/Gstp1/Gstp3/Gstt3/Icmt/Idh1/Lpcat4/Mgst1/Mthfd1l/Mthfr/Oplah/P4ha1/Pcyox1l/Pemt/Plod2/Prdx4/Reln/Sardh/Slc16a10/Slc1a2/Slc22a5/Sod2/Sult1b1/Sult2a1/Sult2a5/Sult2a8/Tmlhe/Tyms/Vnn3
#> GO:0006790                                                                                                                                                                                                   Acacb/Acadsb/Acat1/Acly/Acnat1/Acnat2/Acot3/Acp3/Acsm2/Acsm5/Acss1/Acss2/Agxt/Ahcy/Arsb/B3gat3/Baat/Bhmt2/Chst14/Comt/Cps1/Cs/Cth/Dnmt1/Dpep1/Ethe1/Fasn/Gal3st2/Gamt/Gcdh/Ggt1/Glce/Glo1/Glyat/Gnmt/Gpc1/Gpx1/Gsta2/Gsta3/Gstk1/Gstm1/Gstm2/Gstm3/Gstm4/Gstm6/Gstp1/Gstp3/Gstt3/Hexa/Hexb/Hlcs/Hmgcs1/Hmgcs2/Hnmt/Hyal1/Icmt/Idh1/Mgst1/Mpc1/Mthfr/Nudt7/Oplah/Papss1/Pdk3/Pdk4/Pemt/Phgdh/Slc1a2/Slc27a3/Snca/Sod2/Stat5a/Sulf1/Sult1b1/Sult1c2/Sult2a1/Sult2a5/Sult2a8/Suox/Tdo2/Them5/Tpst1/Ugdh/Vangl2
#> GO:0006520                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Abat/Acadsb/Acat1/Acmsd/Agxt/Ahcy/Aldh18a1/Aldh1a1/Aldh6a1/Arg1/Arg2/Asl/Asns/Aspg/Ass1/Baat/Bcat1/Bcat2/Bhmt2/Comt/Cps1/Cth/Ctps1/Ctps2/Dao/Ddc/Dglucy/Dpep1/Ero1a/Gamt/Gfpt1/Ggt1/Gls2/Glul/Glyat/Gnmt/Gpt2/Haao/Hgd/Hpd/Icmt/Ido2/Kmo/Kyat1/Kyat3/Mthfr/Nags/Nos1/Oat/Otc/P4ha1/Pah/Pemt/Phgdh/Plod2/Pm20d1/Ppat/Prdx4/Prodh/Prodh2/Psat1/Psph/Pycr2/Qdpr/Sardh/Sds/Slc1a3/Slc25a44/Slc7a7/Srr/Tat/Tdo2/Upb1/Wars2
#> GO:0170033                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Agxt/Ahcy/Aldh18a1/Arg1/Arg2/Asl/Asns/Aspg/Ass1/Baat/Bhmt2/Cps1/Cth/Ctps1/Ctps2/Dao/Dglucy/Ero1a/Gamt/Gfpt1/Ggt1/Gls2/Glul/Glyat/Gnmt/Gpt2/Hgd/Hpd/Icmt/Kmo/Kyat1/Mthfr/Nags/Nos1/Oat/Otc/P4ha1/Pah/Pemt/Phgdh/Plod2/Ppat/Prdx4/Prodh/Prodh2/Psat1/Psph/Pycr2/Qdpr/Sds/Srr/Tat
#> GO:0007015                                                                                Abl2/Add2/Add3/Aif1/Alms1/Apoa1/Arhgap18/Arhgef15/Arhgef2/C9orf72/Cap2/Capg/Ccdc88a/Cit/Clasp1/Coro1a/Cotl1/Cyrib/Dbn1/Diaph3/Dmtn/Dpysl3/Elmo1/Elmo2/Eln/Evl/Ezr/Fchsd2/Fhod1/Flna/Fscn1/Gmfg/Gsn/Hcls1/Hdac6/Hip1r/Iqgap1/Itgb5/Jmy/Kirrel1/Limch1/Limd2/Limk1/Marcks/Marcksl1/Myadm/Myh10/Myo1a/Myo5a/Myo5b/Myo5c/Myo7b/Naa80/Nck2/Nckap1l/Nebl/Nf2/Pacsin1/Pak1/Pak3/Pdlim4/Pdxp/Pfn2/Pfn3/Pls1/Pls3/Pof1b/Ppp1r9a/Ppp1r9b/Prex1/Prkci/Prox1/Rac2/Rhoc/Rhog/Rhoj/Rhpn2/Rictor/Scin/Serpinf2/Sh3kbp1/Shroom3/Sirpa/Smad3/Specc1l/Spta1/Sptb/Src/Ssh2/Stmn1/Synpo/Synpo2l/Tagln2/Tmod2/Tmsb4x/Tpm4/Trim27/Vasp/Vil1/Zeb2/Zyx
#> GO:0016054                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Abat/Abcd2/Abhd2/Acacb/Acadl/Acadsb/Acat1/Acat3/Acmsd/Acox3/Adtrp/Agxt/Ahcy/Aldh1l1/Aldh1l2/Aldh6a1/Arg1/Arg2/Arsb/Bcat1/Bcat2/Bdh2/Ces1f/Cpt1a/Crat/Crot/Cryl1/Cyp39a1/Cyp4f14/Dao/Dpep1/Echdc1/Gcdh/Gls2/Hal/Hao1/Hao2/Hexa/Hexb/Hgd/Hpd/Ido2/Kmo/Ldha/Ldhd/Nos1/Npl/Nudt7/Oat/Otc/Pah/Pck2/Ppat/Prodh/Prodh2/Qdpr/Renbp/Sardh/Sds/Slc16a3/Slc25a44/Sult2a8/Tat/Tdo2
#> GO:0046395                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Abat/Abcd2/Abhd2/Acacb/Acadl/Acadsb/Acat1/Acat3/Acmsd/Acox3/Adtrp/Agxt/Ahcy/Aldh1l1/Aldh1l2/Aldh6a1/Arg1/Arg2/Arsb/Bcat1/Bcat2/Bdh2/Ces1f/Cpt1a/Crat/Crot/Cryl1/Cyp39a1/Cyp4f14/Dao/Dpep1/Echdc1/Gcdh/Gls2/Hal/Hao1/Hao2/Hexa/Hexb/Hgd/Hpd/Ido2/Kmo/Ldha/Ldhd/Nos1/Npl/Nudt7/Oat/Otc/Pah/Pck2/Ppat/Prodh/Prodh2/Qdpr/Renbp/Sardh/Sds/Slc16a3/Slc25a44/Sult2a8/Tat/Tdo2
#> GO:0031589                                                                                                                                                                                                       Acvrl1/Agt/Anxa2/Apoa1/Apod/Bcam/Bcan/Cd63/Cib1/Clasp1/Col16a1/Col1a1/Col3a1/Coro1a/Dab2/Dbn1/Dmtn/Dock1/Egflam/Enpp2/Epdr1/Ephb1/Fbln1/Fbln2/Fermt1/Fermt3/Flna/Fn1/Fndc3b/Frem1/Iqgap1/Itga2b/Itga8/Itgad/Itgal/Itgam/Itgav/Itgb2/Itgb3/Itgb5/Itgb6/Kif14/L1cam/Lamb1/Lamb2/Lamc1/Ldb1/Lgals1/Limch1/Lims2/Lpxn/Map4k4/Marcks/Meltf/Mertk/Mkln1/Myadm/Nid2/Notch1/Npnt/Ntn4/Olfm4/Parvg/Postn/Prex1/Ptn/Ptprk/Rac2/Rcc2/Rreb1/Sirpa/Slk/Smad3/Spock2/Src/Srcin1/St6gal1/Taok2/Tek/Thbs1/Vcam1/Vwf/Zyx
#> GO:0170041                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Abat/Ahcy/Aldh18a1/Aldh1a1/Aldh6a1/Arg1/Arg2/Asl/Ass1/Comt/Cps1/Cth/Dao/Dpep1/Ero1a/Gamt/Gnmt/Icmt/Ido2/Kmo/Kyat1/Kyat3/Mthfr/Otc/P4ha1/Pemt/Phgdh/Plod2/Prdx4/Sardh/Slc1a3/Srr/Tdo2/Upb1
#> GO:0071466                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Abcc1/Ahr/Aim2/Akr1c12/Aox1/Cers1/Cyp1a2/Cyp1b1/Cyp2a22/Cyp2a4/Cyp2a5/Cyp2b23/Cyp2b9/Cyp2c29/Cyp2c40/Cyp2c50/Cyp2c54/Cyp2c55/Cyp2c67/Cyp2c69/Cyp2c70/Cyp2d9/Cyp2f2/Cyp2g1/Cyp2j11/Cyp2s1/Cyp3a11/Cyp3a41b/Cyp3a44/Cyp46a1/Dpep1/Fmo5/Gsta2/Gsta3/Gstm1/Gstm2/Gstm3/Gstm4/Gstp1/Gstp3/Kcnq2/Mcm7/Nos1/Pcna/Prkaa2/Rap2a/Recql5/Sult1b1/Sult2a1/Sult2a5/Sult2a8/Tfrc/Ugt2b1/Ugt2b37/Vkorc1
#> GO:0120254                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Adh1/Adh4/Afp/Ahr/Akr1c18/Akr1c6/Aldh1a1/Aldh1a3/Alox12/Alox12b/Alox12e/Bco1/Bco2/Cyp1a2/Cyp1b1/Cyp2a22/Cyp2a4/Cyp2a5/Cyp2b23/Cyp2b9/Cyp2c29/Cyp2c40/Cyp2c50/Cyp2c54/Cyp2c55/Cyp2c67/Cyp2c69/Cyp2c70/Cyp2d9/Cyp2f2/Cyp2g1/Cyp2j11/Cyp2s1/Cyp46a1/Cyp4a12a/Cyp4f14/Dab2/Dgkq/Dhrs7/Fads1/Gpx1/Gstp1/Gstp3/Hsd11b2/Hsd3b4/Hsd3b5/Ppargc1a/Rbp1/Rdh9/Sdr16c5/Sdr9c7
#> GO:0072330                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Abcd2/Abhd2/Acacb/Acadl/Acly/Acsbg1/Acsm2/Acsm5/Acss1/Acss2/Agt/Agxt/Akr1c18/Akr1c6/Aldh1a1/Aldh1a3/Alox12/Alox12b/Alox12e/Anxa1/Apoa4/Apoc3/Baat/Ces1f/Chst14/Cyp27a1/Cyp39a1/Cyp7b1/Degs1/Elovl2/Fabp5/Fads1/Fads2/Fasn/Gamt/Gatm/Gstm4/Gstp1/Gstp3/Hacd2/Kmo/Ldha/Ldhb/Lpgat1/Lpl/Ltc4s/Myo5a/Pdk4/Pkm/Prkaa1/Prkaa2/Prmt3/Prox1/Prxl2b/Qki/Rbp1/Rdh9/Scd1/Sds/Srr
#> GO:0006805                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Ahr/Akr1c12/Aox1/Cyp1a2/Cyp1b1/Cyp2a22/Cyp2a4/Cyp2a5/Cyp2b23/Cyp2b9/Cyp2c29/Cyp2c40/Cyp2c50/Cyp2c54/Cyp2c55/Cyp2c67/Cyp2c69/Cyp2c70/Cyp2d9/Cyp2f2/Cyp2g1/Cyp2j11/Cyp2s1/Cyp3a11/Cyp3a41b/Cyp3a44/Cyp46a1/Fmo5/Gsta2/Gsta3/Gstm1/Gstm2/Gstm4/Gstp1/Gstp3/Nos1/Sult1b1/Sult2a1/Sult2a5/Sult2a8/Ugt2b1/Ugt2b37/Vkorc1
#> GO:0006690                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Ahr/Akr1c18/Akr1c6/Alox12/Alox12b/Alox12e/Alox5ap/Anxa1/Atp6v1b1/Ces2b/Ces2c/Ces2g/Comt/Cyp1b1/Cyp2a22/Cyp2a4/Cyp2a5/Cyp2b23/Cyp2b9/Cyp2c29/Cyp2c40/Cyp2c50/Cyp2c54/Cyp2c55/Cyp2c67/Cyp2c69/Cyp2c70/Cyp2d9/Cyp2f2/Cyp2g1/Cyp2j11/Cyp2s1/Cyp4a12a/Cyp4f13/Cyp4f14/Dpep1/Fabp5/Fads1/Gpx1/Gstp1/Gstp3/Hpgd/Ltc4s/Ncf1/Prxl2b/Ptgr1
#>            Count
#> GO:0009410    97
#> GO:0044282    97
#> GO:0046394    90
#> GO:0016053    90
#> GO:0006631   109
#> GO:1901605    66
#> GO:0006575    64
#> GO:0006790    84
#> GO:0006520    74
#> GO:0170033    52
#> GO:0007015   101
#> GO:0016054    64
#> GO:0046395    64
#> GO:0031589    83
#> GO:0170041    34
#> GO:0071466    55
#> GO:0120254    51
#> GO:0072330    60
#> GO:0006805    43
#> GO:0006690    46
head(kegg_res, 20)
#>                                      category
#> mmu03030       Genetic Information Processing
#> mmu05204                       Human Diseases
#> mmu00980                           Metabolism
#> mmu00830                           Metabolism
#> mmu04820                                 <NA>
#> mmu00982                           Metabolism
#> mmu00140                           Metabolism
#> mmu00620                           Metabolism
#> mmu03430       Genetic Information Processing
#> mmu00480                           Metabolism
#> mmu04974                   Organismal Systems
#> mmu00220                           Metabolism
#> mmu01230                           Metabolism
#> mmu04512 Environmental Information Processing
#> mmu00983                           Metabolism
#> mmu01240                           Metabolism
#> mmu00380                           Metabolism
#> mmu00330                           Metabolism
#> mmu00052                           Metabolism
#> mmu05418                       Human Diseases
#>                                        subcategory       ID
#> mmu03030                    Replication and repair mmu03030
#> mmu05204                          Cancer: overview mmu05204
#> mmu00980 Xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism mmu00980
#> mmu00830      Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins mmu00830
#> mmu04820                                      <NA> mmu04820
#> mmu00982 Xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism mmu00982
#> mmu00140                          Lipid metabolism mmu00140
#> mmu00620                   Carbohydrate metabolism mmu00620
#> mmu03430                    Replication and repair mmu03430
#> mmu00480           Metabolism of other amino acids mmu00480
#> mmu04974                          Digestive system mmu04974
#> mmu00220                     Amino acid metabolism mmu00220
#> mmu01230                  Global and overview maps mmu01230
#> mmu04512       Signaling molecules and interaction mmu04512
#> mmu00983 Xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism mmu00983
#> mmu01240                  Global and overview maps mmu01240
#> mmu00380                     Amino acid metabolism mmu00380
#> mmu00330                     Amino acid metabolism mmu00330
#> mmu00052                   Carbohydrate metabolism mmu00052
#> mmu05418                    Cardiovascular disease mmu05418
#>                                                                        Description
#> mmu03030                              DNA replication - Mus musculus (house mouse)
#> mmu05204        Chemical carcinogenesis - DNA adducts - Mus musculus (house mouse)
#> mmu00980 Metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450 - Mus musculus (house mouse)
#> mmu00830                           Retinol metabolism - Mus musculus (house mouse)
#> mmu04820                 Cytoskeleton in muscle cells - Mus musculus (house mouse)
#> mmu00982            Drug metabolism - cytochrome P450 - Mus musculus (house mouse)
#> mmu00140                 Steroid hormone biosynthesis - Mus musculus (house mouse)
#> mmu00620                          Pyruvate metabolism - Mus musculus (house mouse)
#> mmu03430                              Mismatch repair - Mus musculus (house mouse)
#> mmu00480                       Glutathione metabolism - Mus musculus (house mouse)
#> mmu04974             Protein digestion and absorption - Mus musculus (house mouse)
#> mmu00220                        Arginine biosynthesis - Mus musculus (house mouse)
#> mmu01230                  Biosynthesis of amino acids - Mus musculus (house mouse)
#> mmu04512                     ECM-receptor interaction - Mus musculus (house mouse)
#> mmu00983              Drug metabolism - other enzymes - Mus musculus (house mouse)
#> mmu01240                    Biosynthesis of cofactors - Mus musculus (house mouse)
#> mmu00380                        Tryptophan metabolism - Mus musculus (house mouse)
#> mmu00330              Arginine and proline metabolism - Mus musculus (house mouse)
#> mmu00052                         Galactose metabolism - Mus musculus (house mouse)
#> mmu05418       Fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis - Mus musculus (house mouse)
#>          GeneRatio   BgRatio RichFactor FoldEnrichment   zScore       pvalue
#> mmu03030   24/1292  36/10571  0.6666667       5.454592 9.989876 2.940064e-14
#> mmu05204   37/1292  90/10571  0.4111111       3.363665 8.402800 3.897706e-12
#> mmu00980   33/1292  76/10571  0.4342105       3.552662 8.333493 9.424495e-12
#> mmu00830   38/1292 102/10571  0.3725490       3.048155 7.755832 6.864827e-11
#> mmu04820   63/1292 233/10571  0.2703863       2.212270 6.981959 4.556316e-10
#> mmu00982   28/1292  72/10571  0.3888889       3.181846 6.931615 7.239657e-09
#> mmu00140   32/1292  99/10571  0.3232323       2.644651 6.134719 1.122112e-07
#> mmu00620   19/1292  44/10571  0.4318182       3.533088 6.282645 2.733909e-07
#> mmu03430   13/1292  23/10571  0.5652174       4.624546 6.493078 4.481884e-07
#> mmu00480   25/1292  73/10571  0.3424658       2.802017 5.764811 8.034345e-07
#> mmu04974   32/1292 108/10571  0.2962963       2.424263 5.551268 1.022391e-06
#> mmu00220   12/1292  21/10571  0.5714286       4.675365 6.290744 1.076431e-06
#> mmu01230   26/1292  79/10571  0.3291139       2.692773 5.635097 1.163854e-06
#> mmu04512   28/1292  89/10571  0.3146067       2.574077 5.564385 1.278278e-06
#> mmu00983   29/1292  96/10571  0.3020833       2.471612 5.404682 2.106978e-06
#> mmu01240   40/1292 154/10571  0.2597403       2.125166 5.248361 2.117713e-06
#> mmu00380   19/1292  52/10571  0.3653846       2.989536 5.366417 5.644824e-06
#> mmu00330   19/1292  54/10571  0.3518519       2.878813 5.164789 1.067085e-05
#> mmu00052   14/1292  33/10571  0.4242424       3.471104 5.305021 1.324229e-05
#> mmu05418   37/1292 149/10571  0.2483221       2.031744 4.732687 1.531910e-05
#>              p.adjust       qvalue
#> mmu03030 1.005502e-11 6.932361e-12
#> mmu05204 6.665077e-10 4.595190e-10
#> mmu00980 1.074392e-09 7.407322e-10
#> mmu00830 5.869427e-09 4.046635e-09
#> mmu04820 3.116520e-08 2.148662e-08
#> mmu00982 4.126605e-07 2.845058e-07
#> mmu00140 5.482318e-06 3.779745e-06
#> mmu00620 1.168746e-05 8.057836e-06
#> mmu03430 1.703116e-05 1.174201e-05
#> mmu00480 2.747746e-05 1.894414e-05
#> mmu04974 3.061832e-05 2.110958e-05
#> mmu00220 3.061832e-05 2.110958e-05
#> mmu01230 3.061832e-05 2.110958e-05
#> mmu04512 3.122651e-05 2.152889e-05
#> mmu00983 4.526611e-05 3.120840e-05
#> mmu01240 4.526611e-05 3.120840e-05
#> mmu00380 1.135606e-04 7.829353e-05
#> mmu00330 2.027462e-04 1.397819e-04
#> mmu00052 2.383613e-04 1.643365e-04
#> mmu05418 2.619565e-04 1.806041e-04
#>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               geneID
#> mmu03030                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Fen1/Lig1/Mcm2/Mcm3/Mcm4/Mcm5/Mcm6/Mcm7/Pcna/Pola2/Pold1/Pold3/Pole/Prim1/Rfc1/Rfc2/Rfc3/Rfc4/Rfc5/Rnaseh2a/Rnaseh2b/Rnaseh2c/Rpa1/Rpa2
#> mmu05204                                                                                                      Cyp1a2/Cyp1b1/Cyp2c29/Cyp2c40/Cyp2c50/Cyp2c54/Cyp2c55/Cyp2c67/Cyp2c69/Cyp2c70/Cyp3a11/Cyp3a25/Cyp3a41b/Cyp3a44/Gsta2/Gsta3/Gstk1/Gstm1/Gstm2/Gstm3/Gstm4/Gstm6/Gstp1/Gstp3/Gstt3/Mgst1/Nat2/Sult2a1/Sult2a5/Sult2a8/Ugt1a2/Ugt1a5/Ugt1a9/Ugt2a3/Ugt2b1/Ugt2b36/Ugt2b37
#> mmu00980                                                                                                                                                  Adh1/Adh4/Akr1c21/Aldh3a1/Aldh3b1/Cbr2/Cyp1a2/Cyp1b1/Cyp2f2/Cyp2s1/Dhdh/Gsta2/Gsta3/Gstk1/Gstm1/Gstm2/Gstm3/Gstm4/Gstm6/Gstp1/Gstp3/Gstt3/Mgst1/Sult2a1/Sult2a5/Sult2a8/Ugt1a2/Ugt1a5/Ugt1a9/Ugt2a3/Ugt2b1/Ugt2b36/Ugt2b37
#> mmu00830                                                                                          Adh1/Adh4/Aldh1a1/Aldh1a3/Aldh1a7/Aox1/Aox2/Aox3/Bco1/Cyp1a2/Cyp2a22/Cyp2a4/Cyp2a5/Cyp2b23/Cyp2b9/Cyp2c29/Cyp2c40/Cyp2c50/Cyp2c54/Cyp2c55/Cyp2c67/Cyp2c69/Cyp2c70/Cyp2s1/Cyp3a11/Cyp3a25/Cyp3a41b/Cyp3a44/Cyp4a12a/Rdh9/Sdr16c5/Ugt1a2/Ugt1a5/Ugt1a9/Ugt2a3/Ugt2b1/Ugt2b36/Ugt2b37
#> mmu04820 Ampd3/Atp1b4/Ckm/Col1a1/Col1a2/Col3a1/Col4a3/Col5a1/Col6a4/Csrp1/Csrp2/Csrp3/Des/Diaph3/Eln/Fbln1/Fbln2/Fbn1/Fhl2/Fhl3/Flnc/Fn1/Itga2b/Itga8/Itgav/Itgb3/Itgb5/Itgb6/Lbr/Ldb3/Lmnb1/Mybpc1/Mybpc3/Mybph/Mybphl/Myh10/Myh3/Myh8/Myom1/Nebl/Nid2/Pdlim2/Pdlim4/Pdlim7/Sdc1/Sgca/Sgce/Snta1/Sptbn4/Sspn/Sun1/Sun2/Thbs1/Tmod2/Tnnc2/Tnni1/Tnnt1/Tnnt3/Tpm4/Trim54/Vcan/Vim/Zyx
#> mmu00982                                                                                                                                                                                             Adh1/Adh4/Aldh3a1/Aldh3b1/Aox1/Aox2/Aox3/Cyp1a2/Fmo5/Gsta2/Gsta3/Gstk1/Gstm1/Gstm2/Gstm3/Gstm4/Gstm6/Gstp1/Gstp3/Gstt3/Mgst1/Ugt1a2/Ugt1a5/Ugt1a9/Ugt2a3/Ugt2b1/Ugt2b36/Ugt2b37
#> mmu00140                                                                                                                            Akr1c18/Akr1c21/Comt/Cyp1a2/Cyp1b1/Cyp2b23/Cyp2b9/Cyp2c29/Cyp2c40/Cyp2c50/Cyp2c54/Cyp2c55/Cyp2c67/Cyp2c69/Cyp2c70/Cyp2d9/Cyp3a11/Cyp3a25/Cyp3a41b/Cyp3a44/Cyp7b1/Hsd11b2/Hsd3b1/Hsd3b4/Hsd3b5/Ugt1a2/Ugt1a5/Ugt1a9/Ugt2a3/Ugt2b1/Ugt2b36/Ugt2b37
#> mmu00620                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Acacb/Acat1/Acat3/Acss1/Acss2/Adh1/Adh4/Aldh2/Aldh7a1/Glo1/Ldha/Ldhb/Ldhd/Mdh1/Me1/Me2/Me3/Pck2/Pkm
#> mmu03430                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Lig1/Msh2/Msh6/Pcna/Pold1/Pold3/Rfc1/Rfc2/Rfc3/Rfc4/Rfc5/Rpa1/Rpa2
#> mmu00480                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Ggt1/Gpx1/Gpx7/Gpx8/Gsta2/Gsta3/Gstk1/Gstm1/Gstm2/Gstm3/Gstm4/Gstm6/Gstp1/Gstp3/Gstt3/Idh1/Lap3/Mgst1/Nat8/Nat8f2/Oplah/Prdx6/Rrm2/Sms/Txndc12
#> mmu04974                                                                                                                                                          Atp1b4/Cela3b/Col12a1/Col14a1/Col16a1/Col18a1/Col1a1/Col1a2/Col2a1/Col3a1/Col4a3/Col5a1/Col6a4/Cpa1/Cpb1/Ctrb1/Ctrl/Dpp4/Eln/Mme/Prcp/Prss1/Slc16a10/Slc36a4/Slc3a1/Slc3a2/Slc7a7/Slc7a8/Slc8a2/Slc8a3/Slc9a3/Try5
#> mmu00220                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Arg1/Arg2/Asl/Ass1/Cps1/Gls2/Glul/Gpt/Gpt2/Nags/Nos1/Otc
#> mmu01230                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Aldh18a1/Arg1/Arg2/Asl/Asns/Ass1/Bcat1/Bcat2/Cps1/Cs/Cth/Glul/Gpt/Gpt2/Idh1/Nags/Otc/Pah/Pfkl/Pgam2/Phgdh/Pkm/Psat1/Psph/Pycr2/Sds
#> mmu04512                                                                                                                                                                                                            Cd44/Col1a1/Col1a2/Col2a1/Col4a3/Col6a4/Fn1/Frem1/Frem2/Gp1ba/Gp1bb/Gp9/Hmmr/Itga2b/Itga8/Itgav/Itgb3/Itgb5/Itgb6/Lamb1/Lamb2/Lamc1/Npnt/Reln/Sdc1/Thbs1/Tnc/Vwf
#> mmu00983                                                                                                                                                                                               Cda/Ces1f/Ces2b/Ces2c/Ces2g/Gsta2/Gsta3/Gstm1/Gstm2/Gstm3/Gstm4/Gstm6/Gstp1/Gstp3/Gstt3/Mgst1/Nat2/Nme7/Rrm2/Ugt1a2/Ugt1a5/Ugt1a9/Ugt2a3/Ugt2b1/Ugt2b36/Ugt2b37/Upb1/Upp2/Xdh
#> mmu01240                                                                                                                                        Ak1/Ak3/Ak6/Ak7/Alas1/Aldh2/Alpl/Bcat1/Bcat2/Bco1/Coq4/Coq7/Ctps1/Ctps2/Fech/Gch1/Ggh/Haao/Hpd/Ido2/Kmo/Mthfd1l/Nme7/Nqo1/Pank3/Pdxp/Phospho2/Pnpo/Psat1/Sdr16c5/Tdo2/Ugdh/Ugt1a2/Ugt1a5/Ugt1a9/Ugt2a3/Ugt2b1/Ugt2b36/Ugt2b37/Vkorc1
#> mmu00380                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Acat1/Acat3/Acmsd/Aldh2/Aldh7a1/Aox1/Aox2/Aox3/Cyp1a2/Cyp1b1/Ddc/Gcdh/Haao/Ido2/Inmt/Kmo/Kyat1/Kyat3/Tdo2
#> mmu00330                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Aldh18a1/Aldh2/Aldh7a1/Arg1/Arg2/Ckb/Ckm/Ckmt1/Dao/Gamt/Gatm/Lap3/Nos1/Oat/P4ha1/Prodh/Prodh2/Pycr2/Sms
#> mmu00052                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Akr1b10/Akr1b7/Akr1b8/Gale/Galk1/Ganc/Gck/Hk1/Hk2/Hk3/Hkdc1/Lct/Pfkl/Sis
#> mmu05418                                                                                                                                                     Akt3/Arhgef2/Ass1/Chuk/Cyba/Gpc1/Gsta2/Gsta3/Gstm1/Gstm2/Gstm3/Gstm4/Gstm6/Gstp1/Gstp3/Gstt3/Hmox1/Itga2b/Itgav/Itgb3/Keap1/Mapk12/Mgst1/Mmp2/Ncf1/Ncf2/Nqo1/Pik3cd/Prkaa1/Prkaa2/Rac2/Sdc1/Sqstm1/Src/Sumo2/Thbd/Vcam1
#>          Count
#> mmu03030    24
#> mmu05204    37
#> mmu00980    33
#> mmu00830    38
#> mmu04820    63
#> mmu00982    28
#> mmu00140    32
#> mmu00620    19
#> mmu03430    13
#> mmu00480    25
#> mmu04974    32
#> mmu00220    12
#> mmu01230    26
#> mmu04512    28
#> mmu00983    29
#> mmu01240    40
#> mmu00380    19
#> mmu00330    19
#> mmu00052    14
#> mmu05418    37

9. Save results (optional)

write.csv(deg_res, "Liver_male_1w_vs_8w_DEGs.csv", row.names = FALSE)
write.csv(go_res, "Liver_male_1w_vs_8w_GO.csv", row.names = FALSE)
write.csv(kegg_res, "Liver_male_1w_vs_8w_KEGG.csv", row.names = FALSE)